公正：该如何做是好？ Michael Sandal
This is a course about justice. We begin with a story.
Suppose you're the driver of a trolley car. Your trolley car is hurtling down the track at 60 Mph. At the end of the track, you notice five workers are woking on the track. You try to stop, but you can't, your brakes don't work. You feel desperate, because you know if you crash into these five workers, they will all die, but to soon you know that's for sure, so you feel helpless until you notice, there is off to the right, a side track at the end of that track. There's a worker working on the track, your steering wheel works, so you can turn the trolly car, if you want to, onto the side track, killing the one, but sparing the five. Here's our the first question. What's the right thing to do? What would you do? Let's take a poll.
Notes:
Some people argued there're certain things that are just categorically wrong, even if they brings about a good result, even if they save five people at the cost of one life. So we conntrast the consequentialist moral principles with categorical one.
The philosophy of Utilitarianism
Jeremy Bentham, the 18th centruy English political philosopher, gave first clear and systematic expression to the Utilitarian moral theory.
The right thing,the just thing to do is to maximize utility(He meant by unility the balance of pleasure over pain, happiness over suffering).
Questions raised:
1. Does we have certain fundamental rights?
2. Does a fair procedure justify any results?
3. What is the moral work of consent?
独家蓝光
