---Utilitarian: Bentham; J S Mill
To max the total utility
Would be in favor of scarifying the minority to achieve the greater good
Cost-benefit analysis would be natural
---libertarian
About choice, consent
"redistributive taxation—taxing the rich to give to the poor—is akin to forced labor"
John Locke: certain state of nature rights (life, liberty and property)
“tacit consent” to obey the tax laws passed by a majority when we choose to live in a society.
---Kant: absolute right or wrong in some sense; telling a lie is absolutely wrong by Kant's standard
---John Rawls
Consent and fair bargaining power: the veil of ignorance
"even meritocracy—a distributive system that rewards effort—doesn’t go far enough in leveling the playing field because those who are naturally gifted will always get ahead. Furthermore, says Rawls, the naturally gifted can’t claim much credit because their success often depends on factors as arbitrary as birth order."
The distinction between moral desert and entitlement
---Aristotle disagrees with Rawls and Kant. He believes that justice is about giving people their due, what they deserve
---Communitarians argue that, in addition to voluntary and universal duties, we also have obligations of membership, solidarity, and loyalty.
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