具体操作:在暴露疗法中,治疗师通过帮助患者直面安全的但能够唤起恐惧的事物和情景,来使患者了解到他们是可以忍受这种焦虑情景且在直面创伤记忆的时候并没有可怕的事发生,以此来减少患者过度的恐惧与焦虑。经过治疗患者能够将创伤事件看成是在特定的时空发生极其特殊的事件,克服全世界都是危险的想法,放弃自己认为在创伤面前完全无能为力的观念,给患者带来掌控感和自信心。延长暴露疗法包括以下步骤:
⑴关于“创伤场常见反应’的教育
⑵呼吸再训练
⑶重复进行情景或物体的实地暴露
⑷重复进行创伤记忆的延长想象暴露
(未完待续)
注1.People who experience interpersonal trauma such as rape or child abuse are more likely to develop PTSD as compared to people who experience non-assault based trauma, such as accidents and natural disasters.It has been speculated that interpersonal traumas cause more problems than impersonal ones, but this is controversial.